区域可持续发展能力的AHP综合评价

从经济可持续、社会可持续和生态可持续三个角度出发,建立区域可持续发展评价的指标体系,根据山东省1996年、2000年及2004年可持续发展调查数据,建立多目标线性加权函数对该可持续发展体系进行了综合评价模型,运用层次分析法(AHP)计算评价体系中各单项指标、领域层及子系统层的评价权重,分析结果表明山东省的可持续发展呈现逐步上升的态势,但与建立"和谐山东"的发展目标仍存在很大差距.该评价模型原理简单,可操作性强,对于政府管理及宏观决策部门有一定的应用价值.     

含油污泥油含量测定方法

根据“相似易溶”原理,采用重量法和索氏抽提-紫外吸收光度法对含油污泥的油含量测定进行了研究,利用差重和含有芳香族化合物的石油及其产品在紫外区的吸收波长特性,采用了毒性较小的正己烷、石油醚或混合庚烷等作为萃取荆。根据试验结果可知,重量法具有药荆使用量少、标准偏差小（1.48％）,结果准确等特点;紫外吸收光度法具有操作简便、数据重现性好等优点,适于芳烃含量较高的含油泥油含量的测定。     

废水反硝化除磷技术应用研究进展

废水的反硝化除磷技术作为生物除磷的一个新思路,因其能够解决废水处理工艺运行中碳源不足、污泥产量大和好氧阶段曝气能耗大等问题,受到环境保护领域的关注。文章对反硝化除磷的机理、影响因素、现有工艺及研究现状作了综述,并对反硝化除磷技术未来发展作了展望。认为今后研究重点应集中在以下几个方面：①对DPBs有更全面的认识,富集和筛选更多高效的DPBs菌株;②在理论研究的基础上开发更多的反硝化除磷工艺,并将其应用于工程实践。     

用ScS波震相测定远震震源深度的研究

本文介绍了ScS波的传播路径及走时曲线,选用图象说明ScS波震相的运动学和动力学的主要特征.并利用ScS波震相测定沈阳地震台单台记录的八个远震震源深度,通过对ScS波、pP波和sP波在远震地震图中进行比较分析,结果表明:所得到震源深度误差都在±30Km范围内,达到所要求的精度范围,提高了单台测定震相精度,因此用ScS波震相测定远震深度是一种测定震源深度行之有效的辅助方法.     

多光谱数据定量反演土壤营养元素含量可行性分析

运用室内光谱模拟多光谱数据,采用回归分析方法建立土壤营养元素含量预测模型,并进行验证.首先,根据光谱响应函数将实验室光谱数据重采样至多光谱传感器（TM和 ASTER）波段;然后,分别利用多元逐步回归（SMLR）和偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）方法,建立建模土壤样本实测光谱以及模拟光谱（TM和ASTER）与土壤营养元素含量间的经验模型;最后,利用检验土壤样本进行模型精度验证.与实测光谱模型相比,模拟光谱模型对土壤营养元素含量的预测精度受光谱分辨率的影响并不大.模拟光谱模型对N、P、K元素含量预测精度最高分别为0.89、0.79和 0.67.土壤N、P、K元素含量SMLR模型的入选波段分别位于2 000～2 300　nm、1 650～1 800　nm和600～800　nm波长附近范围内; 土壤N、P、K元素含量PLSR模型的系数表明,近红外（NIR）波段对总氮和总磷元素含量比可见光（VIS）波段敏感,而VIS对K元素含量预测的贡献更大.利用多光谱数据进行土壤营养元素含量的估测具有理论上的可行性;由于不同元素对不同光谱波段的响应不同,在选择多光谱遥感数据时要充分考虑传感器的波段特征.     

An integrated assessment method of urban drainage system:A case study in Shenzhen City,China

In recent years, the urban drainage system in China is facing the dual pressure of renovation and construction. This requires that the integrated assessment for the planning and operation of the urban drainage system is obligatory. To evaluate the urban drainage system, an integrated assessment methodology based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), integrated simulation, and fuzzy assessment is established. This method is a multi-criteria decision adding app roach to the assessment of the urban drainage system comprehensively. Through the integration of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), a simple wastewater treatment plant model, and a surface water quality model, an integrated modelling system for the urban drainage system is developed and applied as a key tool for assessment. Using the established method, a case study in Shenzhen City has been implemented to evaluate and compare two urban drainage system reno vation plans, the distributed plan and the centralized plan. Because of the particularity of this case study, the established method is not applied entirely. Considering the water environ mental impact, ecological impact, technological feasibility, and economic cost, the integrated performance of the distri buted plan is better. As shown in this case study, the proposed method is found to be both effective and practical.     

不同污水处理工艺对水质净化效果的比较

通过对昆明市2007年1～12月污水处理厂进出水质的监测,分析比较了卡鲁塞尔氧化沟工艺、A2/O工艺、ICEAs工艺的水质净化效果,并讨论了各工艺的特点和适用情况.     

Dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction characteristics of paddy soil extract cultures treated with glucose or fatty acids

Dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction is a universal process with irreplaceable biological and environmental importance in anoxic environments. Our knowledge about Fe(Ⅲ) reduction predominantly comes from pure cultures of dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reducing bacteria (DFRB). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of glucose and a selection of short organic acids (citrate, succinate, pyruvate, propionate, acetate, and formate) on Fe(Ⅲ) reduction via the anaerobic culture of three paddy soil solutions with Fe(OH)3 as the sole electron acceptor. The results showed significant differences in Fe(Ⅲ) reduction among the three paddy soil solutions and suhstrate types. Bacteria from the Sichuan paddy soil responded quickly to substrate supply and showed higher Fe(Ⅲ) reducing activity than the other two soil types. Bacteria in the Jiangxi paddy soil culture solution could not use propionate as a source of electrons for Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. Similarly, bacteria in the Jilin paddy soil culture could not use succinate effectively. Pyruvate was readily used by cultures from all three paddy soil solutions, thus indicating that there were some similarities in substrate utilization by bacteria for Fe(Ⅲ) reduction. The use of glucose and citrate as substrate for dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction indicates important ecological implications for this type of anoxic respiration.     

吸能让位防冲支护结构与围岩协同作用体系研究*

为防治冲击地压危害,减小人员伤亡与经济损失,采用数值计算方法建立吸能让位防冲液压支架与围岩协同作用体系模型,计算支架和围岩组合体系在静载和冲击载荷作用下的受力状态。结果表明:静载条件下,受煤层影响巷道右侧拱肩位置应力值与塑性应变相对最大,此处最易发生破坏;吸能装置在静载条件下没有发生压缩变形,表明吸能装置不会影响支架正常工作;竖向冲击荷载条件下,受煤层结构影响巷道右侧拱肩处等效塑性应变值增大相对比较明显,吸能防冲支架中间液压柱与右侧液压柱水平位移变化相对最明显;冲击地压发生过程中,支架与围岩间相互作用力变化较大,总体可分为振动段、平稳段、上升段、波动段4个阶段。     

垂直流人工湿地系统基质优化级配研究

选取生物陶粒、无烟煤、沸石、钢渣和蛭石为基质,按不同的级配方式填充成基质柱,进行垂直流人工湿地模拟柱净化污水实验.研究表明,粒径分层级配基质对COD的去除率均高于单一粒径基质,其中分层生物陶粒对COD的平均去除率高达72.91%.分层沸石对总氮的净化能力较单一粒径基质有所提高,平均去除率高达91.23%.填充了生物陶粒、沸石和无烟煤的模拟柱对有机物和氮的净化效果和单一基质没有显著性差异(p0.05).填充钢渣和无烟煤的模拟柱出水pH值均在正常范围内,但是除从上到下依次填充无烟煤、蛭石和钢渣的基质柱外,其它填充钢渣和无烟煤的模拟柱对磷素的净化能力都低于单一基质.种植植物对净化效果没有明显影响.在垂直流人工湿地中,针对水质特点选择高效的级配基质,如分层生物陶粒、分层沸石、分层无烟煤以及生物陶粒、沸石和无烟煤组合,在高水力负荷条件下可获得更好的处理效果.